SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

</head>

PyPy

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="PyPI" class="mw-redirect" title="PyPI">PyPI</a>, the Python official third-party software repository.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">mid 2007 (2007)</td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">7.3.19<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-adedab5aeeea101aab304c6fda97fdc89b92ba1f-v20-1">[1]</a>  (26 February 2025 (26 February 2025))

</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/pypy/pypy">github.com/pypy/pypy</a> </li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data">RPython</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">Cross-platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> interpreter and compiler <a href="Toolchain" title="Toolchain">toolchain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypy.org/">pypy.org</a> </td></tr></tbody></table>

PyPy (/ˈpaɪpaɪ/) is an implementation of the <a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a> <a href="Programming_language" title="Programming language">programming language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> PyPy often runs faster than the standard <a href="Implementation" title="Implementation">implementation</a> <a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a> because PyPy uses a <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compiler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Most Python code runs well on PyPy except for code that depends on CPython extensions, which either does not work or incurs some overhead when run in PyPy.

PyPy itself is built using a technique known as meta-tracing, which is a mostly automatic transformation that takes an <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> as input and produces a <a href="Tracing_just-in-time_compilation" title="Tracing just-in-time compilation">tracing just-in-time compiler</a> as output. Since interpreters are usually easier to write than <a href="Compiler" title="Compiler">compilers</a>, but run slower, this technique can make it easier to produce efficient implementations of programming languages. PyPy's meta-tracing <a href="Toolchain" title="Toolchain">toolchain</a> is called <a href="#RPython">RPython</a>.

PyPy officially supports Python 2.7 and 3.11<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> and has a few differences in implementations compared to CPython.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Details_and_motivation">Details and motivation</h2></div>

PyPy aims to provide a common translation and support framework for producing implementations of <a href="Dynamic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic language">dynamic languages</a>, emphasizing a clean separation between <a href="Programming_language_specification" title="Programming language specification">language specification</a> and implementation aspects. It also aims to provide a compliant, flexible and fast implementation of the Python programming language using the above <a href="Software_framework" title="Software framework">framework</a> to enable new advanced features without having to encode low-level details into it.<a href="#cite_note-mission-statement-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-mission-statement-2-7">[7]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RPython">RPython</h3></div>

The PyPy interpreter itself is written in a restricted subset of Python called RPython (Restricted Python).<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> RPython puts some constraints on the Python language such that a variable's type can be <a href="Type_inference" title="Type inference">inferred</a> at compile time.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>

The PyPy project has developed a <a href="Toolchain" title="Toolchain">toolchain</a> that analyzes RPython code and translates it into a form of <a href="Bytecode" title="Bytecode">byte code</a>, which can be lowered into <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>. There used to be other <a href="Frontend_and_backend" title="Frontend and backend">backends</a> in addition to <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> (<a href="Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a>, <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, and <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>), but those suffered from <a href="Software_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Software decay">bitrot</a> and have been removed. Thus, the <a href="Recursion" title="Recursion">recursive</a> logo of PyPy is a <a href="Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">snake swallowing itself</a> since the RPython is translated by a Python <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a>. The code can also be run untranslated for testing and analysis, which provides a nice <a href="Testbed" title="Testbed">test-bed</a> for research into dynamic languages.

It allows for pluggable <a href="Garbage_collection_(computer_science)" title="Garbage collection (computer science)">garbage collectors</a>, as well as optionally enabling <a href="Stackless_Python" title="Stackless Python">Stackless Python</a> features. Finally, it includes a just-in-time (JIT) <a href="Generator_(computer_programming)" title="Generator (computer programming)">generator</a> that builds a <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time compiler</a> into the interpreter, given a few annotations in the <a href="Interpreter_(computing)" title="Interpreter (computing)">interpreter</a> <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>. The generated JIT compiler is a <a href="Tracing_just-in-time_compilation" title="Tracing just-in-time compilation">tracing JIT</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

RPython is now also used to write non-Python language implementations, such as Pixie.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Project_status">Project status</h2></div>

PyPy as of version 7.3.17 is compatible with two <a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a> versions: 2.7 and 3.10.<a href="#cite_note-pypycompat-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-pypycompat36-13">[13]</a> The first PyPy version compatible with CPython v3 is PyPy v2.3.1 (2014).<a href="#cite_note-pypyblogpypy3-14">[14]</a> The PyPy interpreter compatible with CPython v3 is also known as PyPy3.

PyPy has <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">JIT compilation</a> support on 32-bit/64-bit <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> and 32-bit/64-bit <a href="ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM</a> processors.<a href="#cite_note-whatsnew720-15">[15]</a> It is tested nightly on Windows, Linux, OpenBSD and Mac OS X. PyPy is able to run pure Python software that does not rely on implementation-specific features.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>

There is a compatibility layer for CPython C API extensions called CPyExt, but it is incomplete and experimental. The preferred way of interfacing with <a href="C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> <a href="Shared_libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared libraries">shared libraries</a> is through the built-in C <a href="Foreign_function_interface" title="Foreign function interface">foreign function interface</a> (CFFI) or <a href="Ctypes_(language_binding)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ctypes (language binding)">ctypes</a> libraries.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

PyPy is a followup to the <a href="Psyco" title="Psyco">Psyco</a> project, a <a href="Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">just-in-time</a> <a href="Run-time_algorithm_specialization" title="Run-time algorithm specialization">specializing compiler</a> for Python, developed by Armin Rigo between 2002 and 2010. PyPy's aim is to have a just-in-time specializing compiler with scope, which was not available for Psyco. Initially, the RPython could also be compiled into <a href="Java_bytecode" title="Java bytecode">Java bytecode</a>, <a href="Common_Intermediate_Language" title="Common Intermediate Language">CIL</a> and <a href="JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, but these backends were removed due to lack of interest.

PyPy was initially a research and development-oriented project. Reaching a mature state of development and an official 1.0 release in mid-2007, its next focus was on releasing a production-ready version with more CPython compatibility. Many of PyPy's changes have been made during <a href="Coding_sprint" class="mw-redirect" title="Coding sprint">coding sprints</a>.

<ul><li>In August 2008, PyPy was able to run some popular Python libraries like <a href="Pylons_project#Pylons_Framework" title="Pylons project">Pylons</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <a href="Pyglet" title="Pyglet">Pyglet</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <a href="Nevow" class="mw-redirect" title="Nevow">Nevow</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> and <a href="Django_(web_framework)" title="Django (web framework)">Django</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li>

<li>On 12 March 2010, PyPy 1.2 was released, focusing on speed. It included a working, though not yet stable, just-in-time compiler.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li>

<li>On 30 April 2011, PyPy version 1.5 was released, which reached compatibility with CPython 2.7.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li>

<li>On 9 May 2013, PyPy 2.0 was released, which introduced alpha-quality support for JIT compilation on ARMv6 and ARMv7 JIT, and included CFFI in the standard library.<a href="#cite_note-lwn2013-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li>

<li>On 20 June 2014, PyPy3 was declared stable<a href="#cite_note-pypyblogpypy3-14">[14]</a> and introduced compatibility with the more modern Python 3. It was released alongside PyPy 2.3.1 and bears the same version number.</li>

<li>On 21 March 2017, the PyPy project released version 5.7 of both PyPy and PyPy3, with the latter introducing beta-quality support for Python 3.5.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li>

<li>On 26 April 2018, version 6.0 was released, with support for Python 2.7 and 3.5 (still beta-quality on Windows).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li>

<li>On 11 February 2019, version 7.0 was released, with support for Python 2.7 and 3.5.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></li>

<li>On 14 October 2019, version 7.2 was released, with support for Python 3.6.9.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li>

<li>On 24 December 2019, version 7.3 was released, with support for Python 3.6.9.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li>

<li>On 16 February 2020, the PyPy team announced the move of the source code hosting from <a href="Bitbucket" title="Bitbucket">Bitbucket</a> to heptapod.net with the repositories of the CFFI (C <a href="Foreign_Function_Interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Function Interface">Foreign Function Interface</a>) project. A new logo and website design are also published. However, the author and the license of the new logo are unknown.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li>

<li>On 29 December 2023, PyPy announced hosting has moved to <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> and development will now be tracked with <a href="Git" title="Git">git</a>.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding">Funding</h3></div>

PyPy was funded by the <a href="European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> being a <a href="Specific_Targeted_Research_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific Targeted Research Project">Specific Targeted Research Project</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> between December 2004 and March 2007. In June 2008, PyPy announced funding being part of the <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a> Open Source programs and has agreed to focus on making PyPy more compatible with <a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a>. In 2009 Eurostars, a European Union funding agency specially focused on <a href="Small_and_medium_enterprises" title="Small and medium enterprises">SMEs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> accepted a proposal from PyPy project members titled "PYJIT – a fast and flexible toolkit for dynamic programming languages based on PyPy". Eurostars funding lasted until August 2011.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>

At <a href="PyCon" class="mw-redirect" title="PyCon">PyCon</a> US 2011, the <a href="Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a> provided a $10,000 grant for PyPy to continue work on performance and compatibility with newer versions of the language.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a>

The port to ARM architecture was sponsored in part by the <a href="Raspberry_Pi_Foundation" title="Raspberry Pi Foundation">Raspberry Pi Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lwn2013-23">[23]</a>

The PyPy project also accepts donations through its status blog pages.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> As of 2013, a variety of sub-projects had funding: Python 3 version compatibility, built-in optimized <a href="NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a> support for numerical calculations and <a href="Software_transactional_memory" title="Software transactional memory">software transactional memory</a> support to allow better parallelism.<a href="#cite_note-lwn2013-23">[23]</a>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

<ul><li><a href="Bootstrapping_(compilers)" title="Bootstrapping (compilers)">Bootstrapping (compilers)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a></li>

<li><a href="GraalVM" title="GraalVM">GraalVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Partial_evaluation" title="Partial evaluation">Partial evaluation</a></li>

<li><a href="Psyco" title="Psyco">Psyco</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-hosting_(compilers)" title="Self-hosting (compilers)">Self-hosting</a></li>

<li><a href="Self-interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-interpreter">Self-interpreter</a></li>

<li><a href="Unladen_Swallow" title="Unladen Swallow">Unladen Swallow</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypy.org/posts/2025/02/pypy-v7319-release.html">"PyPy v7.3.19 release"</a>. Retrieved 12 March 2025.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://decisionstats.com/2015/11/29/interview-maciej-fijalkowski-pypy/">"Interview Maciej Fijalkowski PyPy"</a>. 29 November 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speed.pypy.org/">"PyPy Speed"</a>. speed.pypy.org. Retrieved 2019-12-01.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypy.org/index.html">"PyPy"</a>. 30 December 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/cpython_differences.html">"Differences between PyPy and CPython — PyPy documentation"</a>. 30 December 2024.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-mission-statement-6"><a href="#cite_ref-mission-statement_6-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSamuele_Pedroni2007" class="citation web cs1">Samuele Pedroni (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120614024217/http://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/architecture.html#mission-statement">"PyPy – Goals and Architecture Overview"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://codespeak.net/pypy/dist/pypy/doc/architecture.html#mission-statement">the original</a> on 2012-06-14.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-mission-statement-2-7"><a href="#cite_ref-mission-statement-2_7-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/architecture.html#mission-statement">"PyPy – Goals and Architecture Overview – Mission Statement"</a>. Retrieved 11 October 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doc.pypy.org/en/latest/coding-guide.html#our-runtime-interpreter-is-rpython">Our runtime interpreter is "RPython"</a>, Coding Guide – PyPy documentation

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> "It is a proper subset of Python, restricted in a way that enables easy analysis and efficient code generation", Ancona et al., 2007.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBolzCuniFijalkowskiRigo" class="citation conference cs1">Bolz, Carl; Cuni, Antonio; Fijalkowski, Maciej; Rigo, Armin. Tracing the Meta-Level: PyPy's Tracing JIT Compiler. ICOOOLPS '09. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F1565824.1565827">10.1145/1565824.1565827</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/this-is-not-a-monad-tutorial/indie-languages-interview-pixie-and-timothy-baldridge-cadbc36418dc">Timothy Balridge interview</a>.

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pypycompat-12"><a href="#cite_ref-pypycompat_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pypy.org/compat.html">"PyPy – Python compatibility"</a>. pypy.org. 28 December 2019. Retrieved 2020-12-15.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pypycompat36-13"><a href="#cite_ref-pypycompat36_13-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pypy.org/posts/2021/10/pypy-v737-release.html">"PyPy v7.3.7: bug-fix release of 3.7, 3.8"</a>. pypy.org. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-11-10.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pypyblogpypy3-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pypyblogpypy3_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pypyblogpypy3_14-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFthe_PyPy_team2014" class="citation news cs1">the PyPy team (20 June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.it/2014/06/pypy3-231-fulcrum.html">"PyPy3 2.3.1 – Fulcrum"</a>. PyPy blog.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-whatsnew720-15"><a href="#cite_ref-whatsnew720_15-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/release-v7.2.0.html">"PyPy v7.2.0: release of 2.7, and 3.6"</a>. <a href="Pypy.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Pypy.org">pypy.org</a>. 16 October 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pypy.org/compat.html">"PyPy – Python compatibility"</a>. 28 December 2019.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2008/06/running-pylons-on-top-of-pypy.html">"Running pylons on top of PyPy"</a>. 10 June 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2008/02/running-pyglet-on-pypy.html">"Running Pyglet on top of PyPy"</a>. 20 February 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2008/06/running-nevow-on-top-of-pypy.html">"Running Nevow on top of PyPy"</a>. 20 June 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2008/08/pypy-runs-unmodified-django-10-beta.html">"PyPy runs unmodified django 1.0 beta"</a>. 19 August 2008.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.dk/2011/04/pypy-15-released-catching-up.html">"Introducing the PyPy 1.2 release"</a>. 30 April 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.dk/2010/03/introducing-pypy-12-release.html">"PyPy 1.5 Released: Catching Up"</a>. 12 March 2010.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-lwn2013-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lwn2013_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn2013_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lwn2013_23-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFJake_Edge2013" class="citation news cs1">Jake Edge (15 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/550427/">"A look at the PyPy 2.0 release"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.dk/2013/05/pypy-20-einstein-sandwich.html">"PyPy 2.0 – Einstein Sandwich"</a>. 9 May 2013.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.dk/2017/03/pypy27-and-pypy35-v57-two-in-one-release.html">"PyPy2.7 and PyPy3.5 v5.7 – two in one release"</a>. 21 March 2017.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.de/2018/04/pypy27-and-pypy35-v60-dual-release.html">"PyPy2.7 and PyPy3.5 v6.0 dual release"</a>. 26 April 2018.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCuni2019" class="citation web cs1">Cuni, Antonio (2019-02-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2019/02/pypy-v700-triple-release-of-27-35-and.html">"PyPy Status Blog: PyPy v7.0.0: triple release of 2.7, 3.5 and 3.6-alpha"</a>. PyPy Status Blog. Retrieved 2020-08-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMattip2019" class="citation web cs1">Mattip (2019-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2019/10/pypy-v72-released.html">"PyPy Status Blog: PyPy v7.2 released"</a>. PyPy Status Blog. Retrieved 2020-08-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMattip2019" class="citation web cs1">Mattip (2019-12-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepypy.blogspot.com/2019/12/pypy-730-released.html">"PyPy Status Blog: PyPy v7.3.0 released"</a>. PyPy Status Blog.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pypy.org/posts/2020/02/pypy-and-cffi-have-moved-to-heptapod-5791595152472747032.html">"PyPy and CFFI have moved to Heptapod"</a>. 16 February 2020.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pypy.org/posts/2023/12/pypy-moved-to-git-github.html">"PyPy has moved to Git, GitHub"</a>. 29 December 2023.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cordis.europa.eu/projects/rcn/74481_en.html">"EU Community Research and Development Information Service Entry"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurostars-eureka.eu/">"Eurostars – Aim Higher"</a>.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403075231/http://www.eurekanetwork.org/project/-/id/4791">"Project Page on Eureka Network"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurekanetwork.org/project/-/id/4791">the original</a> on 2012-04-03. Retrieved 2011-10-17.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2011/03/thank-you-to-psf.html">"A thank you to the PSF"</a>. 22 March 2011.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://morepypy.blogspot.com/2010/12/oh-and-btw-pypy-gets-funding-through.html">"PyPy Status Blog: Oh, and btw: PyPy gets funding through "Eurostars""</a>. 10 December 2010.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="refbegin" style="">

<ul><li>Davide Ancona, Massimo Ancona, Antonio Cuni, Nicholas D. Matsakis, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706104906/ftp://ftp.disi.unige.it/pub/person/AnconaD/DLS08.pdf">RPython: a Step Towards Reconciling Dynamically and Statically Typed OO Languages</a>. In Proc. Dynamic Language Symposium (DLS), 2007. ACM Press.</li>

<li>Carl Friedrich Bolz, Antonio Cuni, Maciej Fijalkowski, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716123213/http://codespeak.net/svn/pypy/extradoc/talk/icooolps2009/bolz-tracing-jit-final.pdf">Tracing the meta-level: PyPy's Tracing JIT Compiler</a>. In Proc. ICOOOLPS, 2009. ACM Press.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFCorbet2011" class="citation web cs1">Corbet, Jonathan (11 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/Articles/442268/">"A brief experiment with PyPy"</a>. <a href="LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFvon_Eitzen2011" class="citation news cs1">von Eitzen, Chris (21 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/PyPy-1-7-widens-the-performance-sweet-spot-1382249.html">"PyPy 1.7 widens the performance "sweet spot""</a>. <a href="The_H" class="mw-redirect" title="The H">The H</a>. <a href="Heinz_Heise" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinz Heise">Heinz Heise</a>.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFRose2011" class="citation web cs1">Rose, John (2 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.oracle.com/jrose/entry/a_day_with_pypy">"A Day with PyPy"</a>. <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a> developer blog.</cite></li>

<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://decisionstats.com/2015/11/29/interview-maciej-fijalkowski-pypy/">"Interview Maciej Fijalkowski pypy"</a>. Decisionstats blog. 29 November 2015.</cite></li></ul>

</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pypy.org/">Official website</a> </li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Python379" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #3467AC; color: #FCFCFC;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Python379" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">Implementations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="CircuitPython" title="CircuitPython">CircuitPython</a></li>

<li><a href="CLPython" title="CLPython">CLPython</a></li>

<li><a href="CPython" title="CPython">CPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Cython" title="Cython">Cython</a></li>

<li><a href="MicroPython" title="MicroPython">MicroPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Numba" title="Numba">Numba</a></li>

<li><a href="IronPython" title="IronPython">IronPython</a></li>

<li><a href="Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a></li>

<li><a href="Psyco" title="Psyco">Psyco</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_for_S60" title="Python for S60">Python for S60</a></li>

<li><a href="Stackless_Python" title="Stackless Python">Stackless Python</a></li>

<li><a href="Unladen_Swallow" title="Unladen Swallow">Unladen Swallow</a></li>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDEs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Ninja-IDE" title="Ninja-IDE">Ninja-IDE</a></li>

<li><a href="PyCharm" title="PyCharm">PyCharm</a></li>

<li><a href="PyDev" title="PyDev">PyDev</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyder_(software)" title="Spyder (software)">Spyder</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFCC55;"><a href="Software_development" title="Software development">Designer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Guido_van_Rossum" title="Guido van Rossum">Guido van Rossum</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background: #FFCC55;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Python_software" title="List of Python software">Software</a> (list)</li>

<li><a href="Python_Software_Foundation" title="Python Software Foundation">Python Software Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Python_Conference" title="Python Conference">Python Conference</a> (PyCon)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=PyPy&oldid=1293676936">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>